Hu B., Yang F. and Chen L. 2019 Research progress of technology for recycling lead paste from spent lead-acid batteries. Appl. Chem.
The Interim Measures for the Management of Lead-acid Battery Recycling (Draft for Comments) issued in 2020 by the National Development and Reform Commission requires the establishment of recycling networks through reverse recycling, professional third-party recycling or co-construction of recycling networks.
Li W. et al 2023 Recycling lead from waste lead-acid batteries by the combination of low temperature alkaline and bath smelting. Separation and Purification Technology 123156 Pan J. et al 2016 Preparation of high purity lead oxide from spent lead acid batteries via desulfurization and recrystallization in sodium hydroxide.
To a broader level, the entire life cycle of lead-acid battery needs to be considered that are raw materials production, lead-acid battery design, production and consumption, end-of-life process including collection of spent LABs and recycling or reuse of lead for lead acid battery (Fig. 9) (Sun et al., 2017).
However, in order to improve the possibility of industrial implementation for the hydrometallurgy processes, it is not only required to further improve the recycling rate of lead, but the waste water treatment or water circulation and potential of processing bulky amount of spent lead-acid battery shall be considered.
Zhu X, Zhang W, Zhang L, Zuo Q, Yang J, Han L (2019) A green recycling process of the spent lead paste from discarded lead–acid battery by a hydrometallurgical process. Waste Manage Res 37 (5):508–515
Real-World Implementations Across Diverse Sectors
Lead-acid batteries (LABs) have been undergoing rapid development in the global market due to their superior performance [1], [2], [3].Statistically, LABs account for more than …
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